Master GCSE Biology

MS1.

- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen (2)

MS2.

- Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight, which provides the energy for photosynthesis (1)

- Chlorophyll molecules transfer the energy from sunlight to electrons in the reaction center (1)

- This energy is used to remove electrons from water, producing oxygen as a by-product (1)

MS3.

- Higher light intensity provides more energy for photosynthesis (1)

- This increases the rate of light reactions, providing more ATP and NADPH (1)

- With more ATP and NADPH available, the rate of carbon fixation and glucose production increases (1)

- Up to a point, the rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to light intensity (1)

MS4.

- Glucose is used as a source of energy for cellular processes (1)

MS5.

- In anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken down incompletely without the use of oxygen (1)

- This results in the production of less ATP (2)

MS6.

- In anaerobic conditions, muscle cells produce lactic acid as a by-product of fermentation (1)

- Lactic acid causes the muscle to feel sore or burn (1)

- Accumulation of lactic acid can lead to muscle fatigue (1)

MS7.

- Metabolism (2)

MS8.

- After exercise, the body must repay the oxygen debt by increasing the rate of respiration (1)

- This increases the oxygen available to muscle cells (1)

- Muscle cells then oxidize the remaining lactic acid (1)

MS9.

- Light intensity (1)

- Carbon dioxide concentration (1)

- Temperature (1)

- Water availability (1)

MS10.

- Anaerobic respiration (1)