Master GCSE Biology

MS1.

- A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

MS2.

- If both alleles of a gene are recessive, the phenotype associated with that allele will be expressed.

- [OR]

- Recessive alleles are masked when a dominant allele is present.

MS3.

- Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits that enhance survival and reproduction in their environment.

- Over generations, the frequency of those traits increases in the population.

- This gradual change in a population's genetic makeup over time constitutes evolution.

MS4.

- Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual.

- Phenotype describes the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genotype with the environment.

MS5.

- Selective breeding involves mating individuals with desirable traits to produce offspring with enhanced desired characteristics.

- Over generations, this selective process modifies the gene pool and alters the overall characteristics of the population.

MS6.

- Genetic engineering allows for targeted manipulation of genetic material to improve traits, enhance resistance, or treat genetic disorders.

- Ethical concerns include potential risks to individuals and ecosystems, the creation of designer babies, and the potential misuse of technology.

MS7.

- Meiosis ensures genetic variation by producing gametes (egg and sperm) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

MS8.

- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can create new alleles.

- Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral, altering the genetic makeup of the organism.

MS9.

- A species consists of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

- Reproductive isolation (geographic or behavioral) prevents gene flow between populations, leading to the accumulation of genetic differences and potential speciation over time.

MS10.

- Taxonomy classifies and organizes living organisms into hierarchical groups based on shared characteristics.

- It provides a framework for understanding evolutionary relationships and biodiversity.