Master GCSE Biology

MS1:

- Alternative form of a gene that codes for a particular trait (1)

- Occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes (1)

MS2:

- During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over (1)

- Each gamete receives a random combination of chromosomes (1)

MS3:

- Meiosis (1)

MS4:

- Selective pressure removes less well-adapted individuals (1)

- Fitter individuals survive and pass on their traits (1)

- Allele frequencies in the population change over time (1)

- Leading to the evolution of the population towards better adaptation (1)

MS5:

- Mutation (1)

MS6:

- Monogenic traits are controlled by a single gene, resulting in clear-cut phenotypes (1)

- Polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes and environmental factors, resulting in a range of phenotypes (1)

MS7:

- Benefit: Increased crop yields or resistance to pests (1)

- Potential risk: Unintended consequences on the environment or human health (1)

MS8:

- Species: A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring (1)

- Used to classify organisms into related groups based on their shared characteristics (1)

MS9:

- Cloning produces genetically identical offspring (1)

- Allowing for the conservation of the species' gene pool (1)

MS10:

- Potential to exacerbate genetic diseases (1)

- Concerns about designer babies and eugenics (1)

- Balancing individual choice with social responsibility (1)