Master GCSE Biology

MS1:

- A group of similar cells that perform a specific function (1)

MS2:

- Arteries (1)

- Veins (1)

- Capillaries (1)

MS3:

- The active site is a specific region of the enzyme (1)

- It has a shape that is complementary to the substrate (1)

- This allows the substrate to bind to the active site and undergo a chemical reaction (1)

MS4:

- Components: Xylem vessels and tracheids (2)

- Processes: Transpiration and translocation (2)

MS5:

- Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder (1)

- It emulsifies fats, breaking them down into tiny droplets (1)

- This increases the surface area of the fats, making them easier for enzymes to break down (1)

MS6:

- Arteries (1)

MS7:

- The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood (1)

- The heart pumps blood around the body (1)

- Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (1)

- Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (1)

- Capillaries allow for the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues (1)

MS8:

- Smoking damages the lining of the arteries (1)

- This allows cholesterol to build up in the arteries (1)

- Atherosclerosis occurs when plaques of cholesterol form in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow (1)

- If a plaque ruptures, it can block an artery and cause a heart attack (1)

MS9:

- Guard cells open and close the stomata (1)

- This regulates the rate of transpiration (1)

MS10:

- Advantages of stents: Open up blocked arteries immediately, restoring blood flow to the heart (1)

- Advantages of statins: Reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis (1)

- Disadvantages of stents: Can cause bleeding, blood clots, and restenosis (narrowing of the artery again) (1)

- Disadvantages of statins: Can cause side effects such as muscle pain, liver damage, and nausea (1)