Master GCSE Biology

MS1:

- Free ribosomes (1)

- Bound ribosomes (1)

MS2:

- Binary fission (1)

MS3:

- Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell (1)

- Maintains a constant internal environment (1)

MS4:

- Ribosomes (1)

- Nucleus (1)

MS5:

- Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy (1)

- Have a double membrane, which creates a large surface area for light absorption (1)

- Have thylakoids, which contain enzymes for photosynthesis (1)

MS6:

- Controlled by checkpoints throughout the cycle (1)

- Key stages include: interphase (cell growth), mitosis (cell division), cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm) (1)

- Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by proteins called cyclins (1)

MS7:

- Provides structural support (1)

- Protects the cell from its environment (1)

MS8:

- Diffusion: movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (1)

- Osmosis: movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration (1)

- Water moves towards higher solute concentration (1)

MS9:

- Meiosis (1)

- Produces cells with half the number of chromosomes (1)

MS10:

- Sterilizing equipment (1)

- Using sterile materials (1)

- Working in a sterile environment (e.g., laminar flow hood) (1)