Master GCSE Biology

MS1:

- A eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (1)

MS2:

- Mitochondria generate energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration (1)

- ATP provides the energy needed for muscle contractions (1)

MS3:

- Ribosomes are organelles that assemble proteins according to the genetic code (1)

- Prokaryotes have ribosomes in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotes have ribosomes in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (1)

- Ribosomes are essential for all living cells because proteins are vital for cellular functions (1)

MS4:

- Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell (1)

- Protects the contents of the cell (1)

- Mediates communication with other cells (1)

MS5:

- Diffusion moves substances down a concentration gradient, from areas of high concentration to low concentration (1)

- This ensures that cells have the correct concentrations of substances, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, for their functioning (1)

MS6:

- Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which one prokaryotic cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells (2)

- In binary fission:

- The parent cell's DNA is copied (1)

- The cell membrane pinches inward, dividing the cell into two separate cells (1)

- Mitosis is cell division in eukaryotes and involves more complex stages, including the formation of chromosomes (1)

MS7:

- Eukaryote (1)

MS8:

- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy from the sun (1)

- They use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (1)

- Chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm of plant cells (1)

MS9:

- Aseptic technique is a set of practices used to prevent the introduction of contaminants into a sterile environment or experiment (1)

- It involves measures such as disinfecting surfaces, sterilizing equipment, and wearing gloves and masks (1)

- Aseptic technique reduces the risk of contamination by microorganisms, which can interfere with experiments and produce inaccurate results (1)

MS10:

- Contains the cell's genetic material, DNA (1)

- Controls the cell's activities by directing protein synthesis (1)