Master GCSE Biology

MS1

- Ribosomes (1)

MS2

- The cell wall provides a rigid structure outside the cell membrane (1)

- It protects the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment (1)

MS3

- Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration (1)

- They contain cristae, which increase the surface area for ATP production (1)

- ATP is a molecule that carries energy for the cell's activities (1)

- Respiration occurs in the mitochondria, involving the breakdown of glucose for energy (1)

MS4

- (B) Have a cell wall (1)

MS5

- Oxygen moves from an area of high concentration (outside the cell) to an area of low concentration (inside the cell) (1)

- This occurs across the cell membrane, which is partially permeable (1)

- The movement is passive and does not require energy (1)

MS6

- Binary fission is the asexual reproduction of prokaryotic cells (1)

- It involves the replication of the chromosome and the splitting of the cell into two identical daughter cells (1)

- Mitosis is the asexual reproduction of eukaryotic cells (1)

- It includes additional phases and involves the separation of chromosomes into two daughter cells (1)

MS7

- (A) Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell (1)

MS8

- Magnification increases the size of the image (1)

- Resolution enables the observer to distinguish between closely spaced structures (1)

- A high resolution allows for a greater level of detail (1)

MS9

- Prevents contamination of cell cultures with microorganisms (1)

- Ensures accurate results and avoids interference in experiments (1)

- Involves using sterilized equipment, working in a clean environment, and following strict protocols (1)

- Reduces the risk of infecting cells or introducing foreign DNA (1)

MS10

- X and Y chromosomes (2)