Master GCSE Biology

MS1 (1 mark):

- A cell that lacks a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

MS2 (3 marks):

- Mitochondria have a double membrane with inner folds forming cristae (1)

- Cristae provide a large surface area for enzymes involved in cellular respiration (1)

- Cellular respiration produces energy in the form of ATP (1)

MS3 (2 marks):

- Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not (1)

- Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotes do not (1)

- Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes (1)

MS4 (4 marks):

- Binary fission is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells (1)

- The DNA replicates and attaches to the cell membrane (1)

- The cell membrane pinches in half, dividing the cell into two (1)

- Advantageous because it allows bacteria to reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions (1)

MS5 (3 marks):

- Sterilization of equipment and materials (1)

- Sterile techniques when handling cultures (1)

- Disposal and decontamination of waste (1)

MS6 (1 mark):

- Ribosomes

MS7 (4 marks):

- Chromosomes contain genetic information (1)

- Before cell division, chromosomes are replicated (1)

- During cell division, chromosomes align at the equator (1)

- Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell (1)

MS8 (2 marks):

- Allows some substances to pass through easily while others are blocked (1)

- Substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through, but ions and large molecules cannot (1)

MS9 (2 marks):

- Carry out photosynthesis (1)

- Contain chlorophyll (1)

MS10 (3 marks):

- Magnification makes the image appear larger (1)

- Resolution determines the level of detail seen in the image (1)

- Good resolution is essential for distinguishing fine structures (1)