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MS1:

- Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen. (1)

MS2:

- Higher metabolic rate during exercise (1)

- More oxygen required to meet increasing energy demands (1)

MS3:

- Heart rate increases rapidly at the start of the run (1)

- Stays relatively constant during the run (1)

- Decreases gradually after the run finishes (1)

MS4:

- Lactic acid is produced when glucose is broken down without oxygen (1)

- It accumulates in muscles, leading to pain and reduced performance (1)

MS5:

- Adrenaline (1)

MS6:

- To increase blood flow to active muscles (1)

- Delivering more oxygen and nutrients (1)

MS7:

- % increase = [(New value - Old value) / Old value] x 100 (1)

- % increase = [(80 - 60) / 60] x 100 (1)

- % increase = 33.3% (1)

MS8:

- Oxygen is used in the mitochondria of cells to produce ATP (1)

- ATP provides energy for muscle contractions (1)

MS9:

- Respiratory rate increases rapidly at the start of the race (1)

- Remains high throughout the race (1)

- Gradually decreases after the race finishes (1)

- This indicates increased oxygen demand and carbon dioxide production during exercise (1)

MS10:

- Prepares the body for increased activity (1)

- Reduces risk of injury (1)