Expert Chemistry Tutoring

MS1:

- Substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up (1)

- Lowers the activation energy of the reaction (1)

MS2:

- Increase reaction rates, allowing processes to be carried out at lower temperatures and higher yields (1)

- Reduce energy consumption and production costs (1)

- Enable the production of substances that would not be viable without catalysts (1)

MS3:

- Calculate number of moles of HI produced: 10 moles H2 × 2 = 20 moles HI (2)

- Correct final answer: 20 (1)

MS4:

- Catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants (1)

- Example: aqueous solution, gas mixture (1)

MS5:

- Are biological catalysts (1)

- Speed up specific reactions in living organisms (1)

- Enable essential processes to occur at body temperature (1)

MS6:

- Identify activation energy reduction: 120 - 60 = 60 kJ/mol (1)

- Correct answer: 60 (1)

MS7:

- Catalyst that contains a transition metal (1)

- Examples: Fe, Cu, Ni (1)

MS8:

- Reacts with hydrogen to form a metal hydride (1)

- Hydride transfers to unsaturated organic molecule, reducing it (1)

- Catalyst is regenerated and can repeat the process (1)

MS9:

- Platinum catalyzes the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (1)

- Also catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen (1)

- Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves air quality (1)

MS10:

- Example: Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadium pentoxide) (1)

- Use: Industrial production of sulfuric acid (1)