Expert Chemistry Tutoring

MS1:

- Definition: Fractional distillation is a process that separates liquids based on their different boiling points (1)

- Explanation: Crude oil is heated in a fractionating column, and the different components condense at different heights based on their boiling points. Lighter components (e.g., gasoline) condense higher up, while heavier components (e.g., bitumen) condense lower down. (1)

MS2:

- Fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel) (1)

- Plastic production (e.g., polyethylene, PVC) (1)

- Chemicals (e.g., solvents, detergents) (1)

MS3:

- 3 (1)

- 44/12 = 3.67 (1)

- Rounded to 3 (1)

MS4:

- C_nH_2n+2 (1)

MS5:

- Fossil fuel formed from the decomposition of ancient organisms (1)

- Not replenished quickly enough to meet our current rate of consumption (1)

MS6:

- 13O₂ (1)

- 8CO₂ (1)

- 10H₂O (1)

MS7:

- Greenhouse effect: Heat is trapped in the atmosphere by certain gases, leading to global warming (1)

- Hydrocarbons: Burning hydrocarbons releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas (1)

MS8:

- Catalysts lower the activation energy of the reaction, making it proceed faster (1)

- Break C-C bonds in large hydrocarbon molecules (1)

- Produce smaller, more useful hydrocarbons (1)

MS9:

- 35-190 °C (1)

MS10:

- Mass = Density × Volume (1)

- Mass = 0.85 g/cm³ × 200 cm³ (1)

- Mass = 170 g (2)