Expert Physics Tutoring

MS1 (1 mark)

The turning effect of a force on an object is equal to the force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.

MS2 (2 marks)

- Moment = Force × Perpendicular distance

- Moment = 50N × 0.2m

- Moment = 10Nm

MS3 (3 marks)

- Principle of moments applies: the turning effect on one side must be equal to the turning effect on the other side

- By varying the distance to the pivot, the mass with the smaller moment can be balanced by a mass with a larger moment, even if the masses are different

MS4 (2 marks)

- Gears can change speed by increasing or decreasing the number of teeth

- A larger gear will make the output shaft rotate slower

- A smaller gear will make the output shaft rotate faster

MS5 (4 marks)

- Gear ratio = Output speed / Input speed

- 5/1 = Output speed / 1200rpm

- Output speed = 5 × 1200rpm

- Output speed = 6000rpm

MS6 (3 marks)

- The hydraulic lift uses a small force to create a larger force

- The piston on the small side of the cylinder creates a moment

- The moment is transferred to the larger side of the cylinder, creating a larger force that can lift the heavy object

MS7 (2 marks)

Advantage:

- Can magnify force

- Can change direction of force

Disadvantage:

- Requires a fulcrum

- Can increase the distance moved

MS8 (4 marks)

- Moment = Force × Perpendicular distance

- Moment = 100N × 0.05m

- Moment = 5Nm

MS9 (3 marks)

- The camshaft has lobes and followers

- As the camshaft rotates, the lobes push the followers up and down

- This motion is transferred to other components, converting rotational motion into reciprocating motion

MS10 (2 marks)

- Gear: Rotates on an axle and engages with other gears

- Pulley: Rotates on a wheel and uses a belt or rope to transmit motion