Expert Physics Tutoring

MS1.

- A gene is a unit of inheritance that carries information for a specific trait (1)

- Codes for a specific protein (1)

MS2.

- Homologous chromosomes pair up/form tetrads (1)

- Chiasmata form, resulting in genetic recombination (1)

- Spindle fibres attach to each pair of homologous chromosomes (1)

- Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and move to opposite poles of the cell (1)

MS3.

- Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce (1)

- These traits are passed on to their offspring (1)

- Over time, beneficial alleles become more common in the population (1)

- This leads to a change in the gene pool and the evolution of new species (1)

MS4.

- Sperm: Small, motile, contain a single copy of each chromosome (1)

- Egg cell: Large, non-motile, contain a single copy of each chromosome plus two X chromosomes (1)

MS5.

- A recessive allele is only expressed when homozygous (1)

- Heterozygous individuals carry both a dominant and recessive allele (1)

- The dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele (1)

MS6.

- Selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits (1)

- Offspring inherit these traits and pass them on to their offspring (1)

- Over time, populations with improved desirable traits are developed (1)

- Example: Breeding crops for increased yield or resistance to disease (1)

MS7.

- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual (1)

- Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an individual (1)

MS8.

- Inserting or modifying genes to treat or prevent genetic diseases (1)

- Example: Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (1)

- Can also be used to improve crop yield or create new types of organisms (1)

MS9.

- Ethical concerns: Access to genetic technologies, creating "designer babies" (1)

- Environmental impact: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their potential effects on biodiversity (1)

- Balancing scientific advancements with responsible use (1)

- Importance of public engagement and regulation (1)

MS10.

- A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring (1)

- Speciation: The process by which new species evolve from existing ones (1)

- Occurs over long periods of time as populations become genetically distinct (1)

- Can occur through isolation, mutation, or a combination of factors (1)