Master GCSE Biology

MS1:

- An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function (1)

- Example: Digestive system (1)

MS2:

- Long and coiled, increasing surface area for water absorption (1)

- Villi increase surface area further (1)

MS3:

- Enzyme is a protein with a specific shape (1)

- Active site is a specific region on the enzyme that binds to the substrate (1)

- Substrate is the molecule that the enzyme acts on (1)

MS4:

- Arteries (1)

- Veins (1)

MS5:

- Atria receive blood that returns to the heart (1)

- Ventricles pump blood out of the heart (1)

- Valves prevent backflow of blood (1)

MS6:

- Liver produces bile (1)

- Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets (1)

- This increases the surface area of fat, aiding digestion by pancreatic enzymes (1)

- Liver removes waste products from blood and detoxifies harmful substances (1)

MS7:

- Loss of water vapor from plants through stomata (1)

MS8:

- Hollow and tube-like (1)

- Lignin reinforcement prevents vessels from collapsing (1)

- No end walls allow continuous water flow (1)

MS9:

- Stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit during photosynthesis (1)

- Guard cells surround stomata and control their opening and closing (1)

- Transpiration occurs through stomata, cooling the leaf and drawing water up through the plant (1)

- Closing stomata reduces water loss during drought (1)

MS10:

- Carcinogens (1)

- Saturated fats (1)