Master GCSE Biology

MS1: Tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. (1)

MS2: - The active site is a specific region on the enzyme that binds to the substrate. (1)

- The substrate is the reactant molecule that is acted upon by the enzyme. (1)

MS3: Bile helps to emulsify fats, making them easier to be digested by enzymes. (2)

MS4: Artery (1)

MS5: - The atrium receives blood from the body/veins (1)

- The ventricle pumps blood out of the heart/to the body/arteries (1)

- Valves prevent backflow of blood (1)

MS6: - Atherosclerosis is a narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup (1)

- Plaque consists of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances (1)

- This reduces blood flow and can lead to organ damage/heart attack/stroke (1)

- Medications (e.g., statins) or procedures (e.g., stenting) can be used to manage atherosclerosis (1)

MS7: Carcinogen (1)

MS8: - Guard cells contain chloroplasts and can swell or shrink (1)

- When guard cells swell, the stomata open/allow diffusion (1)

- When guard cells shrink, the stomata close/prevent diffusion (1)

MS9: - Xylem transports water and minerals up the plant/from roots to leaves (1)

- Phloem transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant (1)

- Both processes involve active and passive transport (1)

MS10: White blood cells help to fight infection/disease by engulfing pathogens or producing antibodies/antitoxins. (2)