Master GCSE Biology

MS1

- Tissue: A group of cells with a similar structure and function (1)

- Example: muscle tissue (1)

MS2

- Enzymes have an active site that is a specific shape (1)

- The active site is complementary to the substrate (1)

- Only molecules that fit the active site can react with the enzyme (1)

MS3

- Bile is produced by the liver (1)

- It is stored in the gall bladder (1)

- Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets (1)

- This increases the surface area of the fats, making it easier for them to be broken down by enzymes (1)

MS4

Arteries:

- Carry blood away from the heart (1)

- Have thick, muscular walls to withstand high pressure (1)

Veins:

- Carry blood back to the heart (1)

- Have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow of blood (1)

Capillaries:

- Tiny blood vessels that allow exchange of nutrients and waste between the blood and tissues (1)

- Have very thin walls (1)

MS5

Structure:

- Two atria (1)

- Two ventricles (1)

- Valves between the atria and ventricles (1)

Function:

- Atria receive blood (1)

- Ventricles pump blood out (1)

- Valves prevent backflow of blood (1)

MS6

- White blood cells are carried by the circulatory system (1)

- White blood cells can engulf pathogens (1)

- Antibodies produced by white blood cells can neutralize pathogens (1)

MS7

Xylem:

- Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves (1)

Phloem:

- Transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant (1)

MS8

- Water evaporates from leaves through stomata (1)

- This creates a negative pressure that pulls water up the xylem (1)

- Cohesion of water molecules prevents the water column from breaking (1)

MS9

- Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries (1)

- These deposits narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow (1)

- This can lead to a heart attack (1)

- Statins can be used to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis (1)

MS10

Tobacco:

- Contains carcinogens that damage DNA (1)

Alcohol:

- Increases estrogen levels, which can promote the growth of some types of cancer (1)